WILSON DISEASE
Wilson disease is an inherited disorder characterized by excess of copper in the body tissues. It is also known as progressive hepatolenticular degeneration. This disease develops due to damage of the lenticular nucleus particularly, putamen. In Wilson disease, copper is deposited in the liver, brain, kidneys and eyes. Copper deposits cause damage of tissues. And the affected organs stop functioning. In addition to symptoms of Parkinson disease, liver failure and damage to the central nervous system are the most predominant effects of this disorder. Wilson disease is fatal if not treated early.
CHOREA
Chorea is an abnormal
involuntary movement. Chorea means rapid jerky movements. It mostly
involves the limbs. Chorea is due to the lesion in caudate nucleus and putamen.
ATHETOSIS
Athetosis is another type
of abnormal involuntary movement, which refers to slow rhythmic
and twisting
movements.
It is because of the lesion in caudate nucleus and putamen.
CHOREOATHETOSIS
Choreoathetosis is the condition
characterized by aimless involuntary muscular movements. It is due to combined effects
of chorea and athetosis.
HUNTINGTON CHOREA
Huntington disease is an
inherited progressive neural disorder due to the degeneration of neurons
secreting GABA in corpus striatum and substantia nigra. This disease starts
mostly in middle age. It is characterized by chorea, hypotonia and dementia. In
severe cases bilateral wasting of muscles occurs. It is otherwise called Huntington
disease, chronic progressive chorea, degenerative
chorea or hereditary chorea.
HEMIBALLISMUS
Hemiballismus is a disorder
characterized by violent involuntary abnormal movements on one side of the
body involving mostly the
arm. While walking, the arm swings widely. These movements are called the flinging movements. These movements are due to the release phenomenon
because of the absence of inhibitory influence on movements. Hemiballismus occurs due to degeneration
of subthalamic nucleus of Luys.
KERNICTERUS
Kernicterus is a form of
brain damage in infants caused by severe jaundice. Basal
ganglia are the mainly
affected parts of brain.
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